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When a new technology appears, it has the potential to change entire professions, disciplines, and old ways. In this case, the game changer has been around for over 80 years. Discovered, developed, and currently living on in a small repository of dedicated doctors and practitioners, this technology has the potential to drastically change alternative medicine diagnosis procedures. Beyond diagnosis, this technology allows experienced operators the ability to evaluate treatment appropriateness, effectiveness and efficiency.
The foundational perspective required to appreciate this technology is an honoring of the living body’s awareness of self. This awareness is most closely aligned with what Dr. Leslie S. Feinberg describes as the “other than conscious” (OTC). The muscle response testing methods used by practitioners of NeuroModulation Technique – The Feinberg Method (NMT) can be found here. A distinction these practitioners make between active and passive muscle response testing is important:
a) Active MRT – The ACS (Autonomic Control System, author added) influences the quality of contraction, in response to a challenge force delivered to a selected test muscle. Any muscle can be used that is convenient and can be isolated for testing (as opposed to trying to test a complex muscle group).
b) Passive MRT – The ACS expresses a response by demonstrating a pattern of muscle contraction/relaxation. E.g., Leg length testing done by “Activator method” chiropractors, arm length testing. The practitioner observes shortening or lengthening of one leg or arm versus the other as a response to the content of the practitioner’s OTC input.¹
Based on interviews with long time practitioners of DNFT® regarding the origins of the “Activator method” passive MRT described above, this author (Jonathan Leusden D.C.) is under the impression the “Activator method” passive MRT was initially developed in the 1950′s originally modeled after the DNFT methods taught at the time. DNFT practitioners at that point had been using what they are calling VanRumpt’s reactive leg reflex for over twenty years. Here is an interview with Dr Richard VanRumpt describing his work and its development. Since Dr VanRumpt’s death in 1987, DNFT research, development and teaching responsibilities have been headed by Dr Christopher John. Currently, the DNFT technique taught today is the result of systematically selecting and filtering for detail, accuracy, and consistency. The detailed analysis available to today’s DNFT practitioners relative to the detail known even ten years ago has increased dramatically. The extremely accurate, consistent and sensitive “reactive leg reflex” has been the foundation for developing the detail available today within modern day DNFT methods.
Establishing and utilizing accurate communication with a subject’s body can enlighten the practitioner as to exactly what is contributing or causing a given health concern. In theory, this approach would be ideal concerning finding how trauma is stored in the system, how organs are functioning and communicating, what acupuncture meridians are imbalanced, what nutritional excesses, deficiencies and allergies may be present, what emotional considerations are involved and more. Once the intelligence of the “other than conscious” is recognized, using this type of communication can access a source of real-time knowledge directly from the subject’s body. In theory, detailed, accurate communication would open the door to exactly what, when and how contributing factors preventing a healthy living experience can be identified, addressed and monitored there after for their presence and affect.
In actual practice, when communicating with a subject’s body, considerations such as accuracy, consistency and reliability need to be recognized. Factors influencing diagnosis accuracy include the type of testing, practitioner distraction or presence, subject fatigue (in the case of active manual muscle testing), practitioner training and experience, and practitioner attention to detail. Concerning active manual muscle testing (aMMT), there is a considerable body of research available ranging from case studies using aMMT as a primary diagnosis method, accuracy studies, randomized controlled trials, and literature reviews (²,³,⁴). There is little overall consensus as to aMMT’s consistent accuracy or even its validity as an accurate diagnosis procedure or post therapeutic intervention indicator of success or non-success. There is consensus there needs to be more study in this field.
Active MRT and aMMT which are essentially the same procedure, require the test subject to actively resist while a muscle is being tested. This action requires the subject’s conscious control of their muscle to contract. In situations where the subject is tested repeatedly, issues of subject muscle fatigue and the resulting accuracy can be present. Very little research has been done concerning passive muscle testing, its accuracy and abilities beyond clinical experience and informal investigations between colleges practicing this analysis tool.
The Passive Muscle Test:
About halfway through chiropractic college, students typically begin searching for chiropractic techniques which are going to work with their particular personality, healing world view, and practice goals. Personally, my experience was similar in that I was searching for what technique or methodology was the most effective, the longest lasting and produced the most dramatic results. I had come across various techniques which included active and passive muscle testing as a diagnosis method. Technique teachers and masters of active muscle testing made the process look very easy although it was difficult for me to reproduce the consistency they demonstrated. Without consistency, the confidence of the practitioner’s findings goes down dramatically which equals decreased patient confidence in the practitioner’s ability to help their case. A solution to the problem of consistency and accuracy was needed.
A long time family friend happened to send me a care package with a little book titled: “It Works: The Famous Little Red Book That Makes Your Dreams Come True!” By RHJ. A critical part of making “your dreams come true” according to this book is including a date by which you want your dreams to come true. I started the exercise in March of 2005 and I wanted the criteria below by the middle of April, 2005. I had been looking at this criteria every meal everyday. My dream for how I wanted to practice included these specific criteria:
1. A way to objectively and consistently obtain an accurate yes or no response from a patient’s body.
2. A way to respectfully correct a chiropractic subluxation with very low force with lasting holding power of the adjustment.
3. A way to “clear out” someone’s accumulated life stress patterns (layers of subluxation) in three visits.
In Early April, 2005, A seminar was held in Davenport, IA. Amazingly, what was being taught had the potential to fulfill my three main requirements for practicing chiropractic.
As a student in chiropractic college, to reasonably expect the above criteria was even possible required real faith. Having seen it in action (or at least the potential to realize my criteria) and knowing it was right before me, required another leap of faith to dedicate the time and energy required to become proficient with this technique. Soon after I began practicing the work, my understanding of true chiropractic and experience in the art of its application felt as though I had boarded a constantly accelerating rocket ship destined for a very specific knowledge set. The “reactive leg reflex test” allowed just what I was looking to accomplish.
The details of this test have been published here ⁵. How this test actually functions physiologically is largely unknown but what is understood is the very high level of consistency available to the diligent and well trained practitioner. The reactive leg reflex has been primarily used since it’s discovery over 80 years ago, to identify the exact structures and the combination of directions these structures have when they are actively causing stress to the subject’s body. As Dr. VanRumpt described the chiropractic subluxation “Any osseous or soft tissue which is out of alignment and producing nerve interference.”⁶. I would further clarify this definition to include identifying the exact language of stress accumulation stored in the living body from the perspective of the subject’s internal body awareness mechanisms. The reactive leg reflex reveals a black or white response: either what ever action (challenge, test) the practitioner did causes stress on the system, or the action does not cause stress. By testing all possible directional planes and retesting these planes again and again, the practitioner can conclude with an extremely high degree of accuracy the exact combination of directions a particular structure is expressing as subluxated.
Further research using the reactive leg reflex taught by Dr. Chris John through DNFT Seminars, has indicated the possibility to find directional stress listings for the vertebral disc associated with the identified subluxated bone, ligaments, muscles attaching, ribs, and potentially organ reflexes associated with specific levels in the spine. Once an accurate analysis method is established, the process of testing and observing the response reveals much more of the picture if the practitioner asks the question and objectively observes the subject’s body’s response. Since the reactive leg reflex is a passive and non-conscious response on the part of the subject being tested, many different tests and appropriate retesting procedures can be accomplished without patient fatigue or a decrease in finding accuracy.
Passive muscle response testing is not limited to the reactive leg reflex (DNFT). Other lineages which have used a passive type yes or no testing procedure have also been explored by Clarence E. Prill, D.C., Dr Leon Truscott, D.C., Ph.C with Dr. Granville K. Frisvie, D.C., Ph. C., Dr. Louisa Williams, Tedd Koren D.C., Lowell Ward, D.C., Dr. John Veltheim, and others. It is important to note these different techniques and testing lineages have very different procedures, testing protocols and conclusions based on their findings. The “consistent accuracy variable” and “test sensitivity” is also variable depending on the testing approach. Some techniques may be better tools for purely structural stress information gathering, others may have a higher accuracy regarding psychosomatic factors. Some techniques may be able to give reliable information on a combination of contributing factors with varying degrees. Again, practitioner experience, objectiveness, focus and clinical knowledge are also factors in maintaining accuracy and confidence in test findings.
To have a truly accurate “other than conscious” testing system, it is critical the practitioner maintains objectiveness through out testing. It is also critical the person asking or challenging the subject’s body knows some context about the question/challenge to gain clarity of inquiry. Being accurate and clear in the questions/challenges asked of the body will reveal more accurate and consistent responses.
Skeptics have long pointed out the lack of solid double blind clinical controlled trials validating these testing methods. What is missing in the skeptic’s argument is the realization health expression and its lack is much more than a cause and effect thread. Formally intangible factors such as family tendencies/patterns, environmental factors, emotional sensitivities, personality variations, willingness and readiness to heal, nutrition quality over time, subtle primary stress accumulation patterns and other factors need to be recognized as contributing to someone’s overall health expression or lack there of. Evaluating a subject/patient through testing the “other than conscious” allows an honoring of where the client is that moment, what are the priorities this person’s body wants addressed, what associated factors are present and equally important, has the treatment been effective.
Communicating with a subject’s “other than conscious” through accurate yes or no inquiry is now practiced by medical doctors, naturopaths, osteopaths, chiropractors, acupuncturists, and now massage therapists, counselors, and lay people. Within this group there are no doubt variations in accuracy and depth of findings. What should be acknowledged is the accuracy and results of the work on an individual practitioner basis. To disregard or demean an entire field because of a lack of traditional scientific research is more of a function of not asking the right questions than an indicator of value.
Accurate, consistent and sensitive “other than conscious” testing methods available today have the potential to dramatically accelerate patient care efficiency and healing options. A biological “open source” Application Programming Interface (API) is now available. Those who know its value are able to work with a real-time, accurate source code animating life and telling the thoughtful, present practitioner exactly when, where, how and if what was done accomplished the goal.
Written by Jonathan Leusden D.C. Colorado Springs, CO
¹ Muscle Response Testing (MRT) The NMT Way. Link
² Cuthbert SC, Goodheart GJ Jr.: On the reliability and validity of manual muscle testing: a literature review. Chiropr Osteopathy 2007, 15:4. PubMed Abstract | BioMed Central Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
³ Hass M, Cooperstein R, Peterson D.: Disentangling manual muscle testing and Applied Kinesiology: critique and reinterpretation of a literature review. Chiropractic & Osteopathy 2007, 15:11 Article full text
⁴ Cuthbert S. Letter to the Editor. Disentangling manual muscle testing and Applied Kinesiology: critique and reinterpretation of a literature review. A reply. (31 August 2007) Link
⁵ Henson D.C. Laura, in collaboration with Christopher John D.C. Directional Non-Force Technique® Technical Paper, 1993. Link
⁶ VanRumpt D.C., Richard. Definitions and Philosophy of Dr Richard VanRumpt. date unknown. Link